{"id":88,"date":"2020-05-28T04:09:44","date_gmt":"2020-05-27T20:09:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/summid.icu\/?p=88"},"modified":"2023-06-01T15:17:10","modified_gmt":"2023-06-01T07:17:10","slug":"cppinterviewquestions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/summid.icu\/index.php\/2020\/05\/28\/cppinterviewquestions\/","title":{"rendered":"C++\u9762\u8bd5\u9898\u603b\u7ed3"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

C++\u7ee7\u627f<\/span><\/h1>\n

A\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627fB\u7c7b\u4e4b\u540e\uff0cA\u7c7b\u5c31\u5177\u6709\u4e86B\u7c7b\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f97\u7531\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u51b3\u5b9a\uff1a\u7ee7\u627f\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u57fa\u7c7b\u6210\u5458\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t
<\/td>A\u7c7b<\/th>B\u7c7b(A\u7684\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b)<\/th>C\u7c7b(B\u7684\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n

\n \u516c\u6709\u7ee7\u627f<\/td>		\u516c\u6709\u6210\u5458<\/td>\u516c\u6709\u6210\u5458<\/td>\u516c\u6709\u6210\u5458<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u79c1\u6709\u6210\u5458<\/td>(\u65e0)<\/td>(\u65e0)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u4fdd\u62a4\u6210\u5458<\/td>\u4fdd\u62a4\u6210\u5458<\/td>\u4fdd\u62a4\u6210\u5458<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u79c1\u6709\u7ee7\u627f<\/td>\u516c\u6709\u6210\u5458<\/td>\u79c1\u6709\u6210\u5458<\/td>(\u65e0)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u79c1\u6709\u6210\u5458<\/td>(\u65e0)<\/td>(\u65e0)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u4fdd\u62a4\u6210\u5458<\/td>\u79c1\u6709\u6210\u5458<\/td>(\u65e0)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u4fdd\u62a4\u7ee7\u627f<\/td>\u516c\u6709\u6210\u5458<\/td>\u4fdd\u62a4\u6210\u5458<\/td>\u4fdd\u62a4\u6210\u5458<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u79c1\u6709\u6210\u5458<\/td>(\u65e0)<\/td>(\u65e0)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u4fdd\u62a4\u6210\u5458<\/td>\u4fdd\u62a4\u6210\u5458<\/td>\u4fdd\u62a4\u6210\u5458<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n

C++\u7ee7\u627f\u4e2d\u5173\u4e8e\u5b50\u7c7b\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n

    \u5982\u679c\u5b50\u7c7b\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5219\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65e0\u53c2\u6570\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    \u5982\u679c\u5b50\u7c7b\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u65e0\u53c2\u6570\u8fd8\u662f\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u7c7b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u6267\u884c\u7236\u7c7b\u65e0\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6267\u884c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  3. \n

    \u5728\u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5982\u679c\u5b50\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u6ca1\u6709\u663e\u5f0f\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u65e0\u53c2\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  4. \n

    \u5728\u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b50\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u6ca1\u6709\u663e\u5f0f\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4e14\u7236\u7c7b\u81ea\u5df1\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65e0\u53c2\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65e0\u53c2\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  5. \n

    \u5728\u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b50\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u6ca1\u6709\u663e\u5f0f\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4e14\u7236\u7c7b\u53ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6709\u53c2\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u51fa\u9519\uff08\u5982\u679c\u7236\u7c7b\u53ea\u6709\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5219\u5b50\u7c7b\u5fc5\u987b\u663e\u5f0f\u8c03\u7528\u5e26\u53c2\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7ed9\u7236\u7c7b\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n

    #include<iostream>\nusing namespace std;\n\nclass animal\n{\npublic:\n\tanimal(int height, int weight)\n\t{\n\t\tcout << \"animal construct\" << endl;\n\t}\n\n};\n\nclass fish :public animal\n{\npublic:\n\tfish() :animal(400, 300)\n\t{\n\t\tcout << \"fish construct\" << endl;\n\t}\n};\n\nint main()\n{\n\tfish fh;\n}<\/pre>\n\n\n
    \u5728fish\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u540e\uff0c\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5192\u53f7\u201c:\u201d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u52a0\u4e0a\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u5e26\u53c2\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e0a\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u663e\u5f0f\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u5b50\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u4f1a\u53bb\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u53bb\u6784\u9020\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
    \u8fd9\u79cd\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u5e38\u7528\u6765\u5bf9\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u5e38\u91cfconst\u6210\u5458\u8fdb\u884c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff0c\u5982\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n
    class point\n{\npublic:\n\tpoint() : x(0), y(0) {}\nprivate:\n\tconst int x;\n\tconst int y;\n};<\/pre>\n\n\n
    \u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u7ed9\u5b50\u7c7b\u5199\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\uff08\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u7684\uff09\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\uff08\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u7684\uff09\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5982\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n
    class Shape\n{\nprotected:\n\tint width, height;\npublic:\n\tShape() {};\n\tShape(int a, int b)\n\t{\n\t\twidth = a;\n\t\theight = b;\n\t}\n\tvirtual int area()\n\t{\n\t\tcout << \"Parent class area :\" << endl;\n\t\treturn 0;\n\t}\n};\nclass Rectangle :public Shape\n{\npublic:\n\tRectangle(int a, int b)\n\t{\n\t\twidth = a;\n\t\theight = b;\n\t}\n\tvirtual int area()\n\t{\n\t\tcout << \"Rectangle class area :\" << endl;\n\t\treturn (width * height);\n};<\/pre>\n\n\n
    \u4f46\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u7236\u7c7b\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u6267\u884c\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/span>
    \u5173\u4e8e\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u5148\u6267\u884c\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ee7\u627f\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b50\u7c7b\u662f\u4f9d\u9644\u4e8e\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u7236\u7c7b\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u5b50\u7c7b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8981\u5148\u6267\u884c\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
    \u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u91cc\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\uff08\u6211\u4eec\u6682\u65f6\u79f0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e3a\u5b50\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\uff0c\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u987a\u5e8f\u4e3a\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n
      \n
    1. \n
      \u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5bf9\u7236\u7c7b\u6210\u5458\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n
    2. \n
      \u8c03\u7528\u5b50\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5bf9\u5b50\u5bf9\u8c61\u6210\u5458\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n
    3. \u8c03\u7528\u5b50\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5bf9\u5b50\u7c7b\u6210\u5458\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u60f3\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5b50\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u6ca1\u88ab\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\uff0c\u90a3\u5b50\u7c7b\u7684\u6210\u5458\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u8981\u5148\u786e\u5b9a\u597d\u5b50\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u518d\u6765\u8c03\u7528\u5b50\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n
      \n\n\n
      C++\u591a\u6001\u4e0e\u865a\u51fd\u6570<\/span><\/span><\/h1>\n
      \u591a\u6001\u4e0e\u865a\u51fd\u6570<\/span><\/h2>\n
      \u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u201d\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u624d\u51b3\u5b9a\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
      \u5b9e\u73b0\uff1aC++\u591a\u6001\u6027\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u5b50\u7c7b\u91cc\u91cd\u5199override\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
      \u76ee\u7684\uff1a\u63a5\u53e3\u91cd\u7528\u3002\u5c01\u88c5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ee3\u7801\u6a21\u5757\u5316\uff0c\u7ee7\u627f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4ee3\u7801\u91cd\u7528\u3002\u800c\u591a\u6001\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u63a5\u53e3\u91cd\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
      \u7528\u6cd5\uff1a\u58f0\u660e\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u8be5\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u8c03\u7528\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5b50\u7c7b\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
      C++\u591a\u6001\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8c03\u7528\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/span>
      \u4e0b\u9762\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u57fa\u7c7bShape\u88ab\u6d3e\u751f\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u7c7b\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n
      class Shape\n{\nprotected:\n\tint width, height;\npublic:\n\tShape(int a, int b)\n\t{\n\t\twidth = a;\n\t\theight = b;\n\t}\n\tint area()\n\t{\n\t\tcout << \"Parent class area :\" << endl;\n\t\treturn 0;\n\t}\n};\nclass Rectangle :public Shape\n{\npublic:\n\tRectangle(int a = 0, int b = 0) :Shape(a, b) {}\n\tint area()\n\t{\n\t\tcout << \"Rectangle class area :\" << endl;\n\t\treturn (width * height);\n\t}\n};\nclass Triangle :public Shape\n{\npublic:\n\tTriangle(int a = 0, int b = 0) :Shape(a, b) {}\n\tint area()\n\t{\n\t\tcout << \"Triangle class area :\" << endl;\n\t\treturn (width * height \/ 2);\n\t}\n};\n\nint main()\n{\n\tShape* shape;\n\tRectangle rec(10, 7);\n\tTriangle tri(10, 5);\n\n\t\/\/\u5b58\u50a8\u77e9\u5f62\u7684\u5730\u5740\n\tshape = &rec;\n\t\/\/\u8c03\u7528\u77e9\u5f62\u7684\u6c42\u9762\u79ef\u51fd\u6570 area\n\tshape->area();\n\n\t\/\/\u5b58\u50a8\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u7684\u5730\u5740\n\tshape = &tri;\n\t\/\/\u8c03\u7528\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u7684\u6c42\u9762\u79ef\u51fd\u6570 area\n\tshape->area();\n\n\treturn 0;\n}<\/pre>\n\n\n
      \u5f53\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u88ab\u7f16\u8bd1\u548c\u6267\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0b\u5217\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n
      Parent class area\nParent class area<\/pre>\n\n\n
      \u5bfc\u81f4\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff0c\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570area()\u88ab\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u57fa\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u9759\u6001\u591a\u6001<\/strong>\uff0c\u6216\u9759\u6001\u94fe\u63a5<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u524d\u5c31\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u4e86\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u65e9\u7ed1\u5b9a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aarea()\u51fd\u6570\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u95f4\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u597d\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
      \u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7a0d\u4f5c\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u5728Shape\u7c7b\u4e2d\uff0carea()\u7684\u58f0\u660e\u524d\u653e\u7f6e\u5173\u952e\u5b57virtual\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n
      class Shape\n{\nprotected:\n\tint width, height;\npublic:\n\tShape(int a, int b)\n\t{\n\t\twidth = a;\n\t\theight = b;\n\t}\n\tvirtual int area()\n\t{\n\t\tcout << \"Parent class area :\" << endl;\n\t\treturn 0;\n\t}\n};<\/pre>\n\n\n
      \u4fee\u6539\u540e\uff0c\u5f53\u7f16\u8bd1\u548c\u6267\u884c\u524d\u9762\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n
      Rectangle class area\nTriangle class area<\/pre>\n\n\n
      \u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u770b\u7684\u662f\u6307\u9488\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6307\u9488\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7531\u4e8etri\u548crec\u7c7b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5730\u5740\u5b58\u50a8\u5728*shape\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f1a\u8c03\u7528\u5404\u81ea\u7684area()\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u770b\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b50\u7c7b\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570area()\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u591a\u6001\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u591a\u6001\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7c7b\uff0c\u90fd\u5e26\u6709\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u79f0\u4f46\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u52a8\u6001\u94fe\u63a5<\/strong>\uff0c\u6216\u540e\u671f\u7ed1\u5b9a<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
      \u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u7236\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u5b50\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5bf9\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u91cd\u5199\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\u548c\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u3002\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u80fd\u662f\u865a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u6700\u597d\u5199\u6210virtual\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5728\u5b50\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u9500\u6bc1\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u9500\u6bc1\u5b50\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u90e8\u5206\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
      \u7eaf\u865a\u51fd\u6570<\/span><\/h2>\n
      \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u60f3\u8981\u5728\u57fa\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u865a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u4e2d\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u57fa\u7c7b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u80fd\u5bf9\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u7ed9\u51fa\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u4f1a\u7528\u5230\u7eaf\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u3002
      <\/span>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u57fa\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570area()\u6539\u5199\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n
      class Shape\n{\nprotected:\n\tint width, height;\npublic:\n\tShape(int a, int b)\n\t{\n\t\twidth = a;\n\t\theight = b;\n\t}\n\t\/\/\u7eaf\u865a\u51fd\u6570\n\tvirtual int area() = 0;\n};<\/pre>\n\n\n
      \u7eaf\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u540e\u9762\u7684=0\u4ee3\u66ff\u4e86\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u5c31\u662f\u7eaf\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
      \u865a\u51fd\u6570\u4f7f\u7528\u6280\u5de7\uff1aprivate\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570
      \u8003\u8651\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n
      class A\n{\npublic:\n\tvoid foo() { bar(); }\nprivate:\n\tvirtual void bar() {\/*\u2026\u2026*\/ };\n};\n\nclass B :public A\n{\nprivate:\n\tvirtual void bar() {\/*\u2026\u2026*\/ };\n};<\/pre>\n\n\n
      \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u867d\u7136bar()\u5728A\u7c7b\u4e2d\u662fprivate\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0epublic\u6216\u8005protected\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u4e00\u6837\u4ea7\u751f\u591a\u6001\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662fprivate\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u53d1\u751fA::foo()\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bbf\u95eeB::bar()\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751fB::bar()\u5bf9A::bar()\u7684override\u4e0d\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002
      <\/span>\u8fd9\u79cd\u5199\u6cd5\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff1aA\u544a\u8bc9B\uff0c\u4f60\u6700\u597doverride\u6211\u7684bar()\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f60\u4e0d\u8981\u7ba1\u5b83\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u81ea\u5df1\u8c03\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n
      \n\n\n
      \u865a\u51fd\u6570\u8868<\/span><\/span><\/h1>\n
      \u591a\u6001\u662f\u7531\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u8868\uff08V-Table\uff09\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002
      <\/span>\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u865a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u5c31\u4f1a\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u5f20\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u8868\uff0c\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u8868\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u9879\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3002\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n
      \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n
      \u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u6307\u9488<\/strong>\uff08\u865a\u6307\u9488\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6700\u524d\u9762\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u8868\u6709\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u865a\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u8868\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
      \u6ce8\uff1a\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u8868\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u865a\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u4f1a\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u517c\u5bb9\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u8868\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
      \u539f\u59cb\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u8868<\/strong>
      \u4e0b\u56fe\u662f\u539f\u59cb\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u865a\u6307\u9488\u5728\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6700\u524d\u9762\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u8868\uff08\u5047\u8bbe\u57fa\u7c7b\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e863\u4e2a\u865a\u51fd\u6570\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n
      \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n
      \u5355\u7ee7\u627f\u65f6\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u65e0\u91cd\u5199\u57fa\u7c7b\u865a\u51fd\u6570\uff09
      <\/span><\/strong>\u5047\u8bbe\u73b0\u5728\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u57fa\u7c7b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e863\u4e2a\u865a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u4f1a\u81ea\u5df1\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u517c\u5bb9\u57fa\u7c7b\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u8868\u7684\u5c5e\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u8868<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span>
      <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n
      \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n
      Derive class\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86Base class\u4e2d\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u865a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u662f\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u5730\u5740\u88ab\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230Derive\u7c7b\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u8868\uff0c\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u65b0\u589e\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u7f6e\u4e8e\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u8868\u7684\u540e\u9762\uff0c\u5e76\u6309\u58f0\u660e\u987a\u5e8f\u5b58\u653e<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
      \u5355\u7ee7\u627f\u65f6\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u91cd\u5199\u57fa\u7c7b\u865a\u51fd\u6570\uff09<\/span><\/strong>
      \u73b0\u5728\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u91cd\u5199\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684x\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u6784\u5efa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u8868\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4fee\u6539\u4e86base:()\u8fd9\u4e00\u9879\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n
      \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n
      \u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u65f6\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570\uff08Derived::public Base1,public Base2\uff09<\/span><\/strong>
      \u8fd9\u4e2a\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u57fa\u7c7bbase1\uff0cbase2\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u8868\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n
      \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n
      \u5b83\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f1a\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u865a\u6307\u9488\uff08\u636e\u8bf4\u548c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u76f8\u5173\uff09<\/strong>\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u8868\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
      \u865a\u7ee7\u627f\u65f6\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u8868<\/span><\/strong>
      <\/span>\u865a\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u5f15\u5165\u628a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u53d8\u5f97\u5341\u5206\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e2a\u57fa\u7c7b\uff08MyClassA\u548cMyClassB\uff09\u548c\u516c\u5171\u57fa\u7c7b\uff08MyClass\uff09\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u8868\u9700\u8981\u8bb0\u5f55\u5916\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86MyClass\u7684\u7236\u7c7b\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u57fa\u7c7b\u8868vbTable\u7684\u6307\u9488vbPtr\u3002
      MyClass\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u6a21\u578b\u5982\u56fe\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n
      \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n
      \u865a\u57fa\u7c7b\u6bcf\u9879\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u88ab\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u865a\u57fa\u7c7b\u5b50\u5bf9\u8c61\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u865a\u57fa\u7c7b\u8868\u6307\u9488\u7684\u504f\u79fb\u91cf\u3002\u6bd4\u5982MyClass\u7684\u865a\u57fa\u7c7b\u8868\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9879\u8bb0\u5f55\u503c\u4e3a24\uff0c\u6b63\u662fMyClass::vfptr\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8eMyClass::vbptr\u7684\u504f\u79fb\u91cf\uff0c\u540c\u7406MyClassB\u7684\u865a\u57fa\u7c7b\u8868\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9879\u8bb0\u5f55\u503c12\u4e5f\u6b63\u662fMyClass::vfptr\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8eMyClass::vbptr\u7684\u504f\u79fb\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n
      \n\n\n
      \u7c7bClass\u7684\u5927\u5c0f<\/span><\/h1>\n
      \u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7bnew\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684size\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\uff1f\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u5462\uff1f\uff08\u865a\u7ee7\u627f\u540e\u5462\uff1f\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n
      \u7406\u8bba\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
        \n
      • \u975e\u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\u603b\u548c<\/span><\/li>\n
      • \u52a0\u4e0a\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4e3a\u4e86CPU\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5bf9\u9f50\u5904\u7406<\/span><\/li>\n
      • \u52a0\u4e0a\u4e3a\u4e86\u652f\u6301\u865a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u989d\u5916\u8d1f\u62c5<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
        \u5b9e\u9a8c\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n
        1.\u7a7a\u7c7b\u7684size<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n
        class Test\n{\n\n};\n\nint main()\n{\n\tint size = 0;\n\tTest test;\n\tsize = sizeof(test);\n\tcout << size << endl;\n}<\/pre>\n\n\n
        \u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a1<\/span><\/p>\n
        \u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5728\u6267\u884cTest test;\u8fd9\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u540e\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2aTest test\u7684Object\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e2aObject\u7684\u5730\u5740\u8fd8\u662f\u72ec\u4e00\u65e0\u4e8c\u7684\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5c31\u4f1a\u7ed9\u7a7a\u7c7b\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9690\u542b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n
        2 \u53ea\u6709\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\u7684size<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n
        class Test\n{\n\tint a;\n\tint b;\n};\n\nint main()\n{\n\tint size = 0;\n\tTest test;\n\tsize = sizeof(test);\n\tcout << size << endl;\n}<\/pre>\n\n\n
        \u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a8<\/span><\/p>\n
        \u572832\u4f4d\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u578b\u53d8\u91cf\u53604\u5b57\u8282\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
        3 \u52a0\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n
        class Test\n{\n\tint a;\n\tint b;\n\tstatic int c;\n};<\/pre>\n\n\n
        \u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a8<\/span><\/p>\n
        \u548c\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\uff1a\u975e\u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u603b\u548c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
        4 \u6570\u636e\u5bf9\u9f50\u5904\u7406\u7684\u60c5\u51b5<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n
        class Test\n{\n\tchar d;\n\tint a;\n\tint b;\n\tstatic int c;\n};<\/pre>\n\n\n
        \u52a0\u5165\u4e00\u4e2achar\u5b57\u7b26\u578b\u53d8\u91cf<\/span>
        \u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a12<\/span><\/p>\n
        \u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u989d\u5916\u6dfb\u52a03\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u505a\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5bf9\u9f50\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8CPU\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/span>
        \u81f3\u4e8e\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u63d0\u9ad8CPU\u7684\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u4e0eCPU\u5bfb\u5740\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u5bf9\u9f50\u540e\u5bfb\u5740\u66f4\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
        5 \u53ea\u6709\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u7684size<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n
        class Test\n{\npublic:\n\tTest() {};\n\t~Test() {};\n\tvoid fun() {};\n};<\/pre>\n\n\n
        \u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a1<\/span><\/p>\n
        \u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
        6 \u6709\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u60c5\u51b5<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n
        class Test\n{\npublic:\n\tTest() {};\n\t~Test() {};\n\tvirtual void fun() {};\n};<\/pre>\n\n\n
        \u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a4<\/span><\/p>\n
        \u662f\u6307\u5411virtual table\u7684\u865a\u6307\u9488vptr\u7684size<\/span>
        \u865a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e3b\u8981\u9760\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488\u548c\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u8868\u3002<\/span>
        \u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/span>
        \u865a\u51fd\u6570\u8868\u7531\u5404\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4e4b\u95f4\u5171\u4eab\uff0c\u91cc\u9762\u5b58\u653e\u4e86\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/span>
        \u865a\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u8868\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
        \u666e\u901a\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u5360\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u666e\u901a\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u901a\u8fc7this\u6307\u9488\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684this\u6307\u9488\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u8c61\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cdsizeof\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n
        \n\n\n
        overload\u3001override\u548coverwrite<\/span><\/h1>\n
        \u865a\u51fd\u6570\u603b\u662f\u5728\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u4e2d\u88ab\u6539\u5199\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6539\u5199\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3aoverride\u3002<\/span>
        override\uff08\u91cd\u5199\uff09\u662f\u6307\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u91cd\u5199\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u865a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u91cd\u5199\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\u548c\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u4f1a\u7528\u201c\u8986\u76d6\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6539\u5199\u201d\u6765\u6307\u4ee3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
        overload\uff08\u91cd\u8f7d\uff09\u7ea6\u5b9a\u4fd7\u6210\u5730\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u91cd\u8f7d\u201d\u3002\u662f\u6307\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u5df2\u6709\u51fd\u6570\u540c\u540d\u4f46\u662f\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u6536\u6574\u578b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u6536\u6d6e\u70b9\u578b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u3002overload\u5bf9\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u6ca1\u6709\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u53ea\u6709\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u91cd\u8f7d\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
        overwrite\uff08\u9690\u85cf\uff09\uff1a\u9690\u85cf\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5c4f\u853d\u4e86\u4e0e\u5176\u540c\u540d\u7684\u57fa\u7c7b\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u89c4\u5219\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a1\u3001\u5982\u679c\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u4e0e\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u540c\u540d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u6709\u65e0virtual\u5173\u952e\u5b57\uff0c\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5c06\u88ab\u9690\u85cf\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\u522b\u4e0e\u91cd\u8f7d\u6df7\u6dc6\uff09\u30022\u3001\u5982\u679c\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u4e0e\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u540c\u540d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53c2\u6570\u4e5f\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u57fa\u7c7b\u51fd\u6570\u6ca1\u6709virtual\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u88ab\u9690\u85cf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n
        \n\n\n
        C++\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f<\/span><\/h1>\n
        \u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u57fa\u7c7b\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
        class D::public A,private B,protected C{<\/span>
           \/\/\u7c7bD\u65b0\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u6210\u5458<\/span>
        }<\/span><\/p>\n
        \u591a\u7ee7\u627f\u5bb9\u6613\u8ba9\u4ee3\u7801\u903b\u8f91\u590d\u6742\u3001\u601d\u8def\u6df7\u4e71\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u9971\u53d7\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u4e2d\u5c0f\u578b\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u8f83\u5c11\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u7684Java\u3001C#\u3001PHP\u7b49\u5e72\u8106\u53d6\u6d88\u4e86\u591a\u7ee7\u627f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
        \u591a\u7ee7\u627f\u4e0b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
        \u591a\u7ee7\u627f\u5f62\u52bf\u4e0b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u5355\u7ee7\u627f\u5f62\u5f0f\u57fa\u672c\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8981\u5728\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/span>
        \u4ee5\u4e0a\u9762\u7684A\u3001B\u3001C\u3001D\u7c7b\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0cD\u7c7b\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u4e3a\uff1a<\/span>
        D(\u5f62\u53c2\u5217\u8868):A(\u5b9e\u53c2\u5217\u8868),B(\u5b9e\u53c2\u5217\u8868),C(\u5b9e\u53c2\u5217\u8868){<\/span>
           \/\/\u5176\u4ed6\u64cd\u4f5c<\/span>
        }<\/span><\/p>\n
        \u57fa\u7c7b\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u987a\u5e8f\u548c\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u548c\u58f0\u660e\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u65f6\u57fa\u7c7b\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5c06D\u7c7b\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u5199\u4f5c\u659c\u9762\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a<\/span>
        D(\u5f62\u53c2\u5217\u8868):B(\u5b9e\u53c2\u5217\u8868),C(\u5b9e\u53c2\u5217\u8868),A(\u5b9e\u53c2\u5217\u8868){<\/span>
           \/\/\u5176\u4ed6\u64cd\u4f5c<\/span>
        }<\/span>
        \u90a3\u4e48\u4e5f\u662f\u5148\u8c03\u7528A\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u518d\u8c03\u7528B\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u8c03\u7528C\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570<\/span><\/p>\n
        \u547d\u540d\u51b2\u7a81<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
        \u5f53\u4e24\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u57fa\u7c7b\u4e2d\u6709\u540c\u540d\u7684\u6210\u5458\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u8be5\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u547d\u540d\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4f7f\u7528\u54ea\u4e2a\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u6210\u5458\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u9700\u8981\u5728\u6210\u5458\u540d\u5b57\u524d\u9762\u52a0\u4e0a\u7c7b\u540d\u548c\u57df\u89e3\u6790\u9644\u201c::\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u6307\u660e\u5230\u5e95\u4f7f\u7528\u54ea\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7684\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u6d88\u9664\u4e8c\u4e49\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n
        \n\n\n
        \u7528new\u548c\u4e0d\u7528new\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/span><\/h1>\n
          \n
        • new\u521b\u5efa\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u9700\u8981\u6307\u9488\u63a5\u6536\uff0c\u4e00\u5904\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff0c\u591a\u5904\u4f7f\u7528<\/span><\/li>\n
        • new\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f7f\u7528\u5b8c\u9700\u8981delete\u9500\u6bc1<\/span><\/li>\n
        • new\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u5806\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u800c\u5c40\u90e8\u4e0d\u7528new\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u6808\u7a7a\u95f4<\/span><\/li>\n
        • new\u5bf9\u8c61\u6307\u9488\u7528\u9014\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4f5c\u4e3a\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u7b49<\/span><\/li>\n
        • \u9891\u7e41\u8c03\u7528\u573a\u5408\u4e0d\u9002\u5408new\uff0c\u5c31\u50cfnew\u7533\u8bf7\u548cdelete\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\u4e00\u6837<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
          new\u521b\u5efa\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
          CTest *pTest = new CTest();<\/span>
          delete pTest;<\/span>
          pTest\u7528\u6765\u63a5\u6536\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u6307\u9488\u3002<\/span>
          \u4e0d\u7528new\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u5b9a\u4e49\u7533\u660e\uff1aCTest mTest;<\/span>
          \u8fd9\u79cd\u521b\u5efa\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5b8c\u540e\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u8be5\u7c7b\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u6267\u884c\u3002\u800cnew\u7533\u8bf7\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u6709\u8c03\u7528\u5230delete\u65f6\u624d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9000\u51fa\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u6267\u884cdelete\u5219\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
          \u53ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u6307\u9488<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
          CTest *pTest = NULL;<\/span>
          \u8fd9\u8ddf\u4e0d\u7528new\u7533\u660e\u5bf9\u8c61\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u7c7b\u6307\u9488\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u884c\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4f46\u7c7b\u6307\u9488\u53ea\u662f\u4e2a\u901a\u7528\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u5728new\u4e4b\u524d\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u5206\u914d\u4efb\u4f55\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/span>
          \u4f46\u4f7f\u7528\u666e\u901a\u65b9\u5f0f\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u4e4b\u521d\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5206\u914d\u4e86\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u800c\u7c7b\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u672a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5bf9\u8c61\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9700\u8981delete\u91ca\u653e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
          new\u5bf9\u8c61\u6307\u9488\u4f5c\u4e3a\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u8fd4\u56de\u503c<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n
          class CTest { public: int a; };\nclass CBest { public: int b; };\nCTest* fun(CBest* pBest)\n{\n\tCTest* pTest = new CTest();\n\tpTest->a = pBest->b;\n\treturn pTest;\n}\n\nint main()\n{\n\tCBest *pBest = new CBest();\n\tCTest* pRes = fun(pBest);\n\tif (pBest != NULL)\n\t\tdelete pBest;\n\tif (pRes != NULL)\n\t\tdelete pRes;\n\treturn 0;\n}<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
          \n\n\n
          new\u548cmalloc\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/span><\/h1>\n
          \u603b\u7ed3\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
            \n
          • \n
            malloc\u548cnew\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u5806\u4e0a\u5f00\u8f9f\u5185\u5b58\u7684<\/span>
            malloc\u53ea\u8d1f\u8d23\u5f00\u8f9f\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7528\u6237\u81ea\u5df1\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff1bnew\u4e0d\u4f46\u5f00\u8f9f\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff0c\u5982new int(10);\u8868\u793a\u5728\u5806\u4e0a\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a4\u5b57\u8282\u7684int\u6574\u578b\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u662f10\uff0c\u518d\u5982new int[10]();\u8868\u793a\u5728\u5806\u4e0a\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b10\u4e2a\u6574\u578b\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u90fd\u4e3a0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n
          • \n
            malloc\u662f\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5f00\u8f9f\u5185\u5b58\u9700\u8981\u4f20\u5165\u5b57\u8282\u6570\uff0c\u5982malloc(100);\u8868\u793a\u5728\u5806\u4e0a\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e86100\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u8fd4\u56devoid*\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64malloc\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u9700\u8981\u5f3a\u8f6c\u6210\u6307\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff1bnew\u662f\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\uff0c\u5f00\u8f9f\u5185\u5b58\u9700\u8981\u6307\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u8fd4\u56de\u6307\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u5f3a\u8f6c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
            \u8be6\u7ec6\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
            \u5c5e\u6027\uff1a<\/span><\/strong>
            new\u548cdelete\u662fC++\u5173\u952e\u5b57\uff0c\u6548\u7387\u9ad8\u4e8emalloc\u548cfree\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u652f\u6301\uff1bmalloc\u548cfree\u662f\u5e93\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
            \u53c2\u6570\uff1a<\/span><\/strong>
            \u4f7f\u7528new\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7533\u8bf7\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u65f6\u65e0\u987b\u6307\u5b9a\u5185\u5b58\u5757\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u4fe1\u606f\u81ea\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u800cmalloc\u5219\u9700\u8981\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u6307\u51fa\u6240\u9700\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5c3a\u5bf8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
            \u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a<\/span><\/strong>
            new\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u6210\u529f\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u662f\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u7c7b\u578b\u4e25\u683c\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8c61\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u8fdb\u884c\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u6545new\u662f\u7b26\u5408\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u3002\u800cmalloc\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u6210\u529f\u5219\u662f\u8fd4\u56devoid*\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u5f3a\u5236\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u5c06void*\u6307\u9488\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
            \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a<\/span><\/strong>
            new\u4f1a\u5148\u8c03\u7528operator new\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u7533\u8bf7\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u5e95\u5c42\u4f7f\u7528malloc\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\u3002\u7136\u540e\u8c03\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u8fd4\u56de\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u578b\u6307\u9488\u3002delete\u5148\u8c03\u7528\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8c03\u7528operator delete\u51fd\u6570\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u5e95\u5c42\u4f7f\u7528free\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\u3002<\/span>
            malloc\/free\u662f\u5e93\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u52a8\u6001\u5730\u7533\u8bf7\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f3a\u5236\u8981\u6c42\u5176\u505a\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61\u6784\u9020\u548c\u6790\u6784\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
            \u91cd\u8f7d\uff1a<\/span><\/strong>
            C++\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u8f7dnew\/delete\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff0cmalloc\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u8f7d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
            \u5206\u914d\u5931\u8d25\uff1a<\/span><\/strong>
            new\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u629b\u51fabad_alloc\u5f02\u5e38\u3002malloc\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u8fd4\u56deNULL\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
            \u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\uff1a<\/span><\/strong>
            \u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0fnew\u548cmalloc\u90fd\u80fd\u68c0\u6d4b\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u800cnew\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u660e\u662f\u54ea\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u54ea\u4e00\u884c\uff0cmalloc\u5374\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
            \u7528free\u6765\u91ca\u653enew\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f1a\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\uff1f
            <\/span><\/strong>free\u51fd\u6570\u53ea\u4f1a\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u800cdelete\u5728\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\u4e4b\u524d\u8fd8\u591a\u4e00\u6b65\u6267\u884c\u5bf9\u8c61\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7528free\u51fd\u6570\u91ca\u653enew\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
            \u5982\u5806\u4e0a\u5f00\u8f9fint\u6574\u578b\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n
            \/\/\u6839\u636e\u4f20\u5165\u5b57\u8282\u6570\u5f00\u8f9f\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u521d\u59cb\u5316\nint* p1 = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int));\n\n\/\/\u6839\u636e\u6307\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578bint\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e00\u5757\u6574\u578b\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a0\nint* p2 = new int(0);\n\n\/\/\u5f00\u8f9f400\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5305\u542b100\u4e2a\u6574\u578b\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u521d\u59cb\u5316\nint* p3 = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int) * 100);\n\n\/\/\u5f00\u8f9f400\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff0c100\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6574\u578b\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a0\nint* p4 = new int[100]();<\/pre>\n\n\n
            new\/new[]\u7528\u6cd5<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n
            \/\/\u5f00\u8f9f\u5355\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\n\/\/\u5f00\u8f9f\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3asizeof(int)\u7a7a\u95f4\nint *p = new int;\n\/\/\u5f00\u8f9f\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3asizeof(int)\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5e76\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a5\nint* q = new int(5);\n\n\/\/\u5f00\u8f9f\u6570\u7ec4\u7a7a\u95f4\n\/\/\u4e00\u7ef4\n\/\/\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a100\u7684\u6574\u578b\u6570\u7ec4\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5e76\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a0\nint *a = new int[100]{ 0 };\n\n\/\/\u4e8c\u7ef4\nint(*a)[6] = new int[5][6];\n\n\/\/\u4e09\u7ef4\nint(*a)[5][6] = new int[3][5][6];\n\n\/\/\u56db\u7ef4\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8<\/pre>\n\n\n
            delete\/delete[]\u7528\u6cd5<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n
            \/\/\u91ca\u653e\u5355\u4e2aint\u7a7a\u95f4\nint* a = new int;\ndelete a;\n\n\/\/\u91ca\u653eint\u6570\u7ec4\u7a7a\u95f4\nint* b = new int[5];\ndelete []b;<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
            \n\n\n
            \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u548c\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/span><\/h1>\n
            \u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a<\/strong><\/span>
            \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53struct\uff1a\u628a\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ec4\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\uff0c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/span>
            \u5171\u540c\u4f53union\uff1a\u4f7f\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5171\u540c\u5360\u7528\u4e00\u6bb5\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
            \u5730\u5740\uff1a<\/strong><\/span>
            struct\u548cunion\u90fd\u6709\u5185\u5b58\u5bf9\u9f50\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5e03\u5c40\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8eCPU\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u53ca\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u7684\u5bf9\u5176\u9009\u9879\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
            \u5185\u5b58\u5bf9\u9f50<\/span><\/h2>\n
            \u5173\u4e8e\u5185\u5b58\u5bf9\u9f50\uff0c\u5148\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u56db\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n
              \n
            • \u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u503c\uff1a
              \u5bf9\u4e8echar\u578b\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u5bf9\u9f50\u503c\u4e3a1\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8eshort\u578b\u4e3a2\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8eint\uff0cfloat\uff0cdouble\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u5bf9\u9f50\u503c\u4e3a4\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u5b57\u8282\u3002
              <\/span><\/li>\n
            • \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u6216\u8005\u7c7b\u7684\u81ea\u8eab\u5bf9\u9f50\u503c\uff1a\u5176\u6210\u5458\u4e2d\u81ea\u8eab\u5bf9\u9f50\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u503c\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n
            • \u6307\u5b9a\u5bf9\u9f50\u503c\uff1a#pragme pack(n)\uff0cn=1\uff0c2\uff0c4\uff0c8\uff0c16\u6539\u53d8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u7cfb\u6570\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n
            • \u6570\u636e\u6210\u5458\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u548c\u7c7b\u7684\u6709\u6548\u5bf9\u9f50\u503c\uff1a\u81ea\u8eab\u5bf9\u9f50\u503c\u548c\u6307\u5b9a\u5bf9\u9f50\u503c\u4e2d\u5c0f\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u503c\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
              \u9996\u5148\u6839\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u5185\u90e8\u6210\u5458\u7684\u81ea\u8eab\u5bf9\u9f50\u503c\u5f97\u5230\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7684\u81ea\u8eab\u5bf9\u9f50\u503c\uff08\u5185\u90e8\u6210\u5458\u6700\u5927\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u4fee\u6539\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8865\u9f50\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u53d6\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u8fdb\u884c\u5185\u5b58\u8865\u9f50\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
              \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53struct\uff1a\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\uff0cstruct\u91cc\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3002sizeof(struct)\u662f\u5185\u5b58\u5bf9\u9f50\u540e\u6240\u6709\u6210\u5458\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u52a0\u548c\u3002<\/span>
              \u5171\u540c\u4f53union\uff1a\u5f53\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u4e2d\u5b58\u5165\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u540e\uff0c\u539f\u6709\u7684\u6210\u5458\u5c31\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u5199\u9053union\u7684\u5730\u5740\u4e2d\u3002sizeof(union)\u662f\u6700\u957f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6210\u5458\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
              \u603b\u7ed3\uff1astruct\u548cunion\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6210\u5458\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\uff0cunion\u4e2d\u53ea\u5b58\u653e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u9009\u4e2d\u7684\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u800cstruct\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6210\u5458\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5728struct\u4e2d\uff0c\u5404\u6210\u5458\u90fd\u5360\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u4e2astruct\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u603b\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u6210\u5458\u957f\u5ea6\u4e4b\u548c\u3002\u5728union\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6210\u5458\u4e0d\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u5360\u7528\u5b83\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728\u3002union\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u6700\u957f\u7684\u6210\u5458\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8eunion\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6210\u5458\u8d4b\u503c\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u6210\u5458\u91cd\u5199\uff0c\u539f\u6765\u6210\u5458\u7684\u503c\u5c31\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8estruct\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6210\u5458\u8d4b\u503c\u662f\u4e92\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n
              \n\n\n
              static\u548cconst\u5206\u522b\u600e\u4e48\u7528<\/span><\/h1>\n
              static\u548cconst\u5206\u522b\u600e\u4e48\u7528\uff0c\u7c7b\u91cc\u9762static\u548cconst\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u4fee\u9970\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u5417\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n
              static\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
              \u5bf9\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
                \n
              • \u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a<\/strong><\/span>
                \u5728\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u524d\u52a0\u4e0a\u5173\u952e\u5b57static\uff0c\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u5c31\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c40\u90e8\u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf\u3002
                <\/span>\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1a<\/strong>\u9759\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u533a
                \u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff1a<\/strong>\u5c40\u90e8\u7684\u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf\u53ea\u80fd\u88ab\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u4e14C\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u5bf9\u5176\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff0c\u800cC++\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u5bf9\u5176\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3002
                \u4f5c\u7528\u57df\uff1a<\/strong>\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u4ecd\u4e3a\u5c40\u90e8\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\uff0c\u5f53\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b83\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u8005\u8bed\u53e5\u5757\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u968f\u4e4b\u7ed3\u675f\u3002
                \u6ce8\uff1a\u5f53static\u7528\u6765\u4fee\u9970\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff08\u4ece\u539f\u6765\u7684\u6808\u4e2d\u5b58\u653e\u6539\u4e3a\u9759\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u533a\uff09\u53ca\u5176\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\uff08\u5c40\u90e8\u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u79bb\u5f00\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u9500\u6bc1\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ecd\u7136\u9a7b\u7559\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u5bf9\u5b83\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u672a\u6539\u53d8\u5176\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u3002<\/strong><\/li>\n
              • \u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a
                <\/strong>\u5728\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u524d\u52a0\u4e0a\u5173\u952e\u5b57static\uff0c\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u5c31\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u5c40\u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf\u3002
                \u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1a<\/strong>\u9759\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u533a\uff08\u9759\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u533a\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u671f\u95f4\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\uff09
                \u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff1a<\/strong>\u672a\u7ecf\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u88ab\u7a0b\u5e8f\u81ea\u52a8\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a0\uff08\u81ea\u52a8\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u503c\u662f\u4efb\u610f\u7684\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5b83\u88ab\u663e\u5f0f\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff09\u3002
                \u4f5c\u7528\u57df\uff1a\u5168\u5c40\u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u58f0\u660e\u5b83\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e4b\u5916\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u3002<\/strong>\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u5c06\u4ece\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e4b\u5904\u5f00\u59cb\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u7ed3\u5c3e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8981\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7528\u5230\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7528extern\u58f0\u660e
                \u6ce8\uff1astatic\u4fee\u9970\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u672a\u6539\u53d8\u5176\u5b58\u50a8\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53ca\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u5176\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f53\u524d\u6587\u4ef6\u5916\u7684\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c<\/strong>\u597d\u5904\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a1\u3001\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u4ef6\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u4fee\u6539 2\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u540d\u5b57\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u5bf9\u5168\u5c40\u51fd\u6570\u4e5f\u662f\u6709\u9690\u85cf\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/strong>\u800c\u666e\u901a\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u53ea\u8981\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u5730\u65b9\u90fd\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u524d\u9700\u8981\u58f0\u660e\u6240\u6709\u7684.c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ea<\/span>\u80fd\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u6b21\u666e\u901a\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u58f0\u660e\u591a\u6b21\uff08\u5916\u90e8\u94fe\u63a5\uff09\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u662f\u5168\u5c40\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u58f0\u660e\u3002<\/span>
                <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                \u5bf9\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n
                  \n
                • \u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a<\/strong>
                  \u7528static\u4fee\u9970\u7c7b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6210\u5458\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u7c7b\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4f1a\u88ab\u7c7b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u5171\u4eab\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cstatic\u6210\u5458\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u7c7b\u5916\u8fdb\u884c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff08\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u683c\u5f0f\uff1a int base::var=10;\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u8fdb\u884c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528const\u4fee\u9970static\u6570\u636e\u6210\u5458\u5728\u7c7b\u5185\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3002
                  <\/strong>\u7279\u70b9\uff1a<\/span>\n
                    \n
                  • 1 \u4e0d\u8981\u8bd5\u56fe\u5728\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\uff08\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff09\u9759\u6001\u6570\u636e\u6210\u5458\u3002\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u91cd\u590d\u5b9a\u4e49\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u52a0\u4e0a#ifndef #define #endif \u6216\u8005#pragma once\u4e5f\u4e0d\u884c\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n
                  • 2 \u9759\u6001\u6570\u636e\u6210\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53ef\u9009\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u666e\u901a\u6570\u636e\u6210\u5458\u5219\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n
                  • 3 \u9759\u6001\u6570\u636e\u6210\u5458\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6240\u5c5e\u7c7b\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u800c\u666e\u901a\u6570\u636e\u6210\u5458\u5219\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u3002\u666e\u901a\u6570\u636e\u6210\u5458\u7684\u53ea\u80fd\u58f0\u660e\u4e3a\u6240\u5c5e\u7c7b\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6307\u9488\u6216\u5f15\u7528\u3002
                    <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                  • \u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\uff1a<\/span><\/strong>\n
                      \n
                    • 1 \u7528static\u4fee\u9970\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u53ea\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u4efd\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u5171\u4eab\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4e0d\u542bthis\u6307\u9488\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n
                    • 2 \u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u521b\u5efa\u4efb\u4f55\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002base::func(); \u5f53static\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u5728\u7c7b\u5916\u5b9a\u4e49\u65f6\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u52a0static\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n
                    • 3 \u5728\u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u5f15\u7528\u7c7b\u4e2d\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u975e\u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f15\u7528\u7c7b\u4e2d\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u542bthis\u6307\u9488\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                      \u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u7528const\u548cstatic\u4fee\u9970\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u3002
                      <\/strong>C++\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0const\u7684\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fee\u6539\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u9690\u5f0f\u7684\u53c2\u6570const this*\u3002\u4f46\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u4e3astatic\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u6ca1\u6709this\u6307\u9488\u7684\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u6b64\u65f6c<\/span>onst\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u548cstatic\u662f\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u3002
                      \u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u7406\u89e3\uff1a\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u8bed\u610f\u662f\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u3002static\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u53ea\u4f5c\u7528\u5728\u7c7b\u7684\u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0e\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b\u800cconst\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u786e\u4fdd\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fee\u6539\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u72b6\u6001<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e0e\u7c7b\u7684\u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u3002<\/span>
                      <\/strong><\/p>\n
                      const\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
                        \n
                      • \u9650\u5b9a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u8be5const\u53d8\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u540e\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u5b83\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n
                      • \u9650\u5b9a\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539\u4efb\u4f55\u6570\u636e\u6210\u5458\u3002\uff08\u5982\u679c\u8981\u5728const\u51fd\u6570\u91cc\u4fee\u6539\u6570\u636e\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5728\u6570\u636e\u6210\u5458\u524d\u52a0 mutalbe \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u4fee\u9970\uff09<\/span><\/li>\n
                      • const\u4e0e\u6307\u9488\uff1a<\/span>\n
                          \n
                        • const char *p\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n
                        • char * const p\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5c06p\u58f0\u660e\u4e3a\u5e38\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n
                          \n\n\n
                          \u6307\u9488\u548c\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u5f15\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5e38\u6307\u9488\u5b9e\u73b0\u5417<\/span><\/h1>\n
                          \u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u7684\u533a\u522b\u662f\uff0c\u6307\u9488\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u6765\u4fee\u6539\u53d8\u91cf\u3002
                          \u800c\u5f15\u7528\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u522b\u540d\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u53d8\u91cf\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u5bf9\u5f15\u7528\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u53d8\u91cf\u672c\u8eab\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u4fee\u6539\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002
                          <\/span><\/p>\n
                          \u5177\u4f53\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
                            \n
                          • \u6307\u9488\uff1a\u6307\u9488\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u5143\uff1b\u800c\u5f15\u7528\u8ddf\u539f\u6765\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u539f\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u522b\u540d\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u5982\uff1a<\/span>
                            int a=1; int *p=&a;<\/span>
                            int a=1; int &b=a;<\/span>
                            \u4e0a\u9762\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u578b\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u53d8\u91cfp\uff0c\u8be5\u6307\u9488\u53d8\u91cf\u6307\u5411a\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u5373p\u7684\u503c\u662fa\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u5143\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/span>
                            \u4e0b\u9762\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u578b\u53d8\u91cfa\u548c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6574\u578ba\u7684\u5f15\u7528b\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0aa\u548cb\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u6709\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u5143\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n
                          • \u53ef\u4ee5\u6709const\u6307\u9488\uff0cconst char *p\uff08\u5e38\u91cf\u6307\u9488\uff09\u8868\u793ap\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u53ef\u66f4\u6539\uff0cchar* const p\uff08\u6307\u9488\u5e38\u91cf\uff09\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u6307\u9488\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u53ef\u66f4\u6539\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d8\u3002\uff08const\u5f15\u7528\u53ef\u8bfb\u4e0d\u53ef\u6539\uff0c\u4e0e\u7ed1\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u4e3aconst\u65e0\u5173\uff09<\/span><\/li>\n
                          • \u6307\u9488\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u7ea7\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f15\u7528\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u7ea7\uff08int **p;\u5408\u6cd5 \u800cint &&a\u662f\u4e0d\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\uff09<\/span><\/li>\n
                          • \u6307\u9488\u7684\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u503c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3aNULL\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5f15\u7528\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5fc5\u987b\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n
                          • \u6307\u9488\u7684\u503c\u5728\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u5373\u6307\u5411\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u800c\u5f15\u7528\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u540e\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u518d\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n
                          • \u201csizeof\u201d\u5f15\u7528\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u662f\u6240\u6307\u5411\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u800c\u201dsizeof\u201d\u6307\u9488\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u662f\u6307\u9488\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n
                          • \u6307\u9488\u548c\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u81ea\u589e\u201c++\u201d\u8fd0\u7b97\u4ee5\u610f\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                            \u6307\u9488\u4f20\u53c2\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u503c\u4f20\u9012\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u4fee\u6539\u4f20\u8fdb\u6765\u7684\u6307\u9488\u7684\u503c\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u7684\u3002\u53ea\u80fd\u4fee\u6539\u5730\u5740\u6240\u4fdd\u5b58\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff08\u52a0\u4e0a\u89e3\u5f15\u7528\u7b26*\uff09\u3002<\/span>
                            \u5f15\u7528\u4f20\u53c2\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f20\u8fdb\u6765\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u53d8\u91cf\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n
                            \n\n\n
                            \u6df1\u62f7\u8d1d\u4e0e\u6d45\u62f7\u8d1d<\/span><\/h1>\n
                            \u6d45\u62f7\u8d1d\u4e0e\u6df1\u62f7\u8d1d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u5f53\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61A\u53bb\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61B\u65f6\uff08\u8fd8\u6709\u8d4b\u503c\uff0c\u5bf9\u8c61\u503c\u4f20\u9012\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5bf9\u8c61\u503c\u4f20\u9012\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\uff09\uff0c\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4f1a\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u7c7b\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u8001\u5bf9\u8c61\u201d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6210\u5458\u7684\u503c\u5bf9\u201c\u65b0\u5bf9\u8c61\u201d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6210\u5458\u4e00\u4e00\u8fdb\u884c\u8d4b\u503c\uff0c\u5b83\u4e00\u822c\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n
                            Rect::Rect(const Rect& r)<\/span>
                            {<\/span>
                            width = r.width;<\/span>
                            height = r.height;<\/span>
                            }<\/span><\/p>\n
                            \u8865\u5145\uff1a\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u5fc5\u987b\u548c\u7c7b\u540d\u79f0\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u672c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f15\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
                            \u6d45\u62f7\u8d1d\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
                            \u6240\u8c13\u6d45\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5728\u5bf9\u8c61\u590d\u5236\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u5bf9\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6210\u5458\u8fdb\u884c\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8d4b\u503c\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c\u7684\u4e5f\u662f\u6d45\u62f7\u8d1d\u3002\u5927\u591a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u201c\u6d45\u62f7\u8d1d\u201d\u5df2\u7ecf\u80fd\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u65e6\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b58\u5728\u4e86\u52a8\u6001\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6d45\u62f7\u8d1d\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u5982\u4e0b\u4e00\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n
                            class Rect\n{\npublic:\n    Rect()      \/\/ \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0cp\u6307\u5411\u5806\u4e2d\u5206\u914d\u7684\u4e00\u7a7a\u95f4\n    {\n        p = new int(100);\n    }\n    ~Rect()     \/\/ \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u91ca\u653e\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\n    {\n        if (p != NULL)\n        {\n            delete p;\n        }\n    }\nprivate:\n    int width;\n    int height;\n    int* p;     \/\/ \u4e00\u6307\u9488\u6210\u5458\n};\n\nint main()\n{\n    Rect rect1;\n    Rect rect2(rect1);   \/\/ \u590d\u5236\u5bf9\u8c61\n    return 0;\n}<\/pre>\n\n\n
                            \u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u5141\u8bb8\u7ed3\u675f\u524d\uff0c\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5141\u8bb8\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u539f\u56e0\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u8c61\u590d\u5236\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u6ca1\u6709\u8fdb\u884c\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u4e0b\uff1a<\/span>
                            \u5728\u5141\u8bb8\u5b9a\u4e49rect1\u5bf9\u8c61\u540e\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5728\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\u7684\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6267\u884c\u540e\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u60c5\u51b5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n
                            \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n
                            \u5728\u4f7f\u7528rect1\u8d4b\u503crect2\u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6267\u884c\u7684\u662f\u6d45\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5c06\u6210\u5458\u7684\u503c\u8fdb\u884c\u8d4b\u503c\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6rect.p = rect2.p\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u4e86\u5806\u91cc\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n
                            \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n
                            \u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u671f\u671b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5728\u9500\u6bc1\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u5c06\u5bf9\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u91ca\u653e\u4e24\u6b21\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u4e24\u4e2ap\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e24\u4e2ap\u6307\u5411\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u6df1\u62f7\u8d1d\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
                            \u6df1\u62f7\u8d1d\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
                            \u5728\u201c\u6df1\u62f7\u8d1d\u201d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u52a8\u6001\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ec5\u4ec5\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8d4b\u503c\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u8be5\u91cd\u5199\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5982\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u6309\u7167\u5982\u4e0b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n
                            class Rect\n{\npublic:\n    Rect()      \/\/ \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0cp\u6307\u5411\u5806\u4e2d\u5206\u914d\u7684\u4e00\u7a7a\u95f4\n    {\n        p = new int(100);\n    }\n    Rect(const Rect& r)\n    {\n        width = r.width;\n        height = r.height;\n        p = new int;    \/\/ \u4e3a\u65b0\u5bf9\u8c61\u91cd\u65b0\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\u7a7a\u95f4\n        *p = *(r.p);\n    }\n    ~Rect()     \/\/ \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u91ca\u653e\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\n    {\n        if (p != NULL)\n        {\n            delete p;\n        }\n    }\nprivate:\n    int width;\n    int height;\n    int* p;     \/\/ \u4e00\u6307\u9488\u6210\u5458\n};<\/pre>\n\n\n
                            \u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u590d\u5236\u540e\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u81f4\u60c5\u51b5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n
                            \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n
                            \u6b64\u65f6rect1\u7684p\u548crect2\u7684p\u5404\u81ea\u6307\u5411\u4e00\u6bb5\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u6307\u5411\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u6df1\u62f7\u8d1d\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
                            \u9632\u6b62\u9ed8\u8ba4\u62f7\u8d1d\u53d1\u751f\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
                            \u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u5bf9\u8c61\u590d\u5236\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u590d\u5236\u5927\u591a\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u503c\u4f20\u9012\u201d\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u6280\u5de7\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u6309\u503c\u4f20\u9012\u2014\u2014\u58f0\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u79c1\u6709\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u5fc5\u53bb\u5b9a\u4e49\u8fd9\u4e2a\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u56e0\u4e3a\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u79c1\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7528\u6237\u8bd5\u56fe\u6309\u7167\u503c\u4f20\u9012\u6216\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u8be5\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5c06\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u6309\u503c\u4f20\u9012\u6216\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n
                            private:\n    \/\/\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u58f0\u660e\n    CExample(const CExample& C);\nint main()\n{\n    CExample test(1);\n    \/\/g_Fun(test);\u6309\u503c\u4f20\u9012\u5c06\u51fa\u9519\n\n    return 0;\n}<\/pre>\n\n\n
                            \u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u7ec6\u8282\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
                              \n
                            1. \u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u91cc\u80fd\u8c03\u7528private\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\u5417\uff1f
                              <\/strong>\u53ef\u4ee5\u3002\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u7c7b\u7684\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u53d7private\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/span>
                              <\/strong><\/li>\n
                            2. \u4ee5\u4e0b\u51fd\u6570\u54ea\u4e2a\u662f\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f
                              <\/span><\/strong>X::X(const X&);
                              X::X(X);
                              X::X(X&, int a=1);<\/span>
                              X::X(X&, int a=1, int b=2);
                              \u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7bX\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u4e0b\u5217\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1a
                              X&
                              const X&
                              volatile X&
                              const volatile X&
                              \u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u6709\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u3002
                              X::X(const X&);  \/\/\u662f\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570
                              X::X(X&, int a=1);  \/\/\u662f\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570
                              X::X(X&, int a=1, int b=2);  \/\/\u4e5f\u662f\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570
                              <\/span><\/li>\n
                            3. \u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u5417\uff1f
                              <\/span><\/strong>\u53ef\u4ee5\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n
                              class X\n{\npublic:\n    X(const X&);  \/\/const\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\n    X(X&);  \/\/\u975econst\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\n};<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                              \n\n\n
                              printf\u548ccout\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/span><\/h1>\n
                                \n
                              • \u539f\u7406\u4e0d\u540c<\/span><\/li>\n
                              • cout\u4e0eprintf\u683c\u5f0f\u4e0d\u540c<\/span><\/li>\n
                              • \u8f93\u51fa\u6548\u7387\u4e0d\u540c<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                \u539f\u7406\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
                                std::cout<<\u201d\u8f93\u51fa\u5185\u5bb9\u201dstd::endl;<\/span>
                                \u5176\u4e2d<<\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u63d0\u53d6\u201c\u8f93\u51fa\u5185\u5bb9\u201d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u8f7d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u91cd\u8f7d\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u201c\u8f93\u51fa\u5185\u5bb9\u201d\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u91cd\u8f7d\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/span>
                                \u540c\u65f6\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d41\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e00\u6bb5\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u7cfb\u7edf\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u5f53\u6536\u5230endl\u65f6\uff0ccout\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u6362\u884c\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5237\u65b0\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002<\/span>
                                \u5f53\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6ee1\u6216\u8005\u6536\u5230\u7ed3\u675f\u7b26\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5c06\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u5e76\u6e05\u7a7a\u5e76\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u663e\u793a\u8bbe\u5907\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
                                \u683c\u5f0f\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
                                cout: std::cout<<\u201d\u4efb\u610f\u7c7b\u578b\u51fd\u6570\u201dstd::endl;<\/span>
                                printf: printf(\u201c\u5176\u4ed6+%\u8f6c\u6362+\u5176\u4ed6\u201d\uff0c\u53c2\u6570);<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t
                                \u8f6c\u6362\u8bf4\u660e<\/th>\u8f93\u51fa<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
                                %a<\/td>\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u3001\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u5b57\u548cp-\u8bb0\u6570\u6cd5\uff08C99\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                %A<\/td>\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u3001\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u5b57\u548cP-\u8bb0\u6570\u6cd5\uff08C99\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                %c<\/td>\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                %d<\/td>\u6709\u7b26\u53f7\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u6574\u6570<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                %e<\/td>\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u3001e-\u8bb0\u6570\u6cd5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                %E<\/td>\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u3001E-\u8bb0\u6570\u6cd5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                %f<\/td>\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u3001\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u8bb0\u6570\u6cd5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                %g<\/td>\u6839\u636e\u6570\u503c\u4e0d\u540c\u81ea\u52a8\u9009\u62e9%f\u6216\u8005%e\u3002%e\u683c\u5f0f\u5728\u6307\u6570\u5c0f\u4e8e-4\u6216\u8005\u5927\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8e\u7cbe\u5ea6\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                %G<\/td>\u6839\u636e\u6570\u503c\u4e0d\u540c\u81ea\u52a8\u9009\u62e9%f\u6216\u8005%E\u3002%E\u683c\u5f0f\u5728\u6307\u6570\u5c0f\u4e8e-4\u6216\u8005\u5927\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8e\u7cbe\u5ea6\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                %i<\/td>\u6709\u7b26\u53f7\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u6574\u6570\uff08\u4e0e%d\u76f8\u540c\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                %o<\/td>\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u6574\u6570<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                %p<\/td>\u6307\u9488\uff08\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u5730\u5740\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                %s<\/td>\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                %u<\/td>\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u6574\u6570<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                %x<\/td>\u4f7f\u7528\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u5b570f\u7684\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u6574\u6570<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                %X<\/td>\u4f7f\u7528\u5b9e\u5f55\u7d27\u5f20\u6570\u5b570F\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u6574\u6570<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                %%<\/td>\u6253\u5370\u4e00\u4e2a\u767e\u5206\u53f7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
                                \u6548\u7387\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
                                cin cout\u6548\u7387\u6ca1\u6709scanf printf\u9ad8
                                \u6d41\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u4f18\u52bf\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n
                                  \n
                                • \u6d41\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u5bf9\u4e8e\u57fa\u672c\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u8bf4\u4f7f\u7528\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u4e0d\u7528\u624b\u5199\u683c\u5f0f\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n
                                • \u5bf9\u4e8e\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7684\u4e00\u4e9bclass\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u91cd\u8f7d\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u4e5f\u6bd4\u81ea\u5df1\u5199\u683c\u5f0f\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8981\u65b9\u4fbf\u5f88\u591a\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n
                                • \u5bf9\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n
                                • \u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u66f4\u597d\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                  \u5176\u5b9e\u539f\u7406\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\u6d41\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6548\u7387\u6bd4printf\/scanf\u51fd\u6570\u65cf\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u662f\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u786e\u5b9a\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4e0d\u7528\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u671f\u89e3\u6790\u683c\u5f0f\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5e26\u6765\u989d\u5916\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6807\u51c6\u6d41\u5bf9\u8c61cin\/cout\u4e3a\u4e86\u666e\u9002\u6027\uff0c\u7ee7\u627f\u4f53\u7cfb\u5f88\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6784\u9020\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u603b\u4f53\u6548\u7387\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6839\u636e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u573a\u666f\u8fdb\u884c\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u6548\u7387\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u9ad8\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
                                  \u6700\u540e\u603b\u7ed3\uff0cC++\u7684iostream\u5e93\u548cC\u4e2d\u7684stdio\u5e93\u4e2d\u5206\u522b\u7684cout\/cin\u548cprintf\/scanf\u76f8\u6bd4\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u4f18\u52bf\u5462\uff1f\u9996\u5148\u662f\u7c7b\u578b\u5904\u7406\u66f4\u52a0\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u667a\u80fd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u987b\u5e94\u5bf9int\u3001float\u4e2d\u7684%d\u3001%f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u6781\u5f3a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u7c7b\uff0cprintf\u60f3\u8981\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u7c7b\u6210\u5458\u662f\u5929\u65b9\u591c\u8c2d\u7684\uff0c\u800ciostream\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4f4d\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u91cd\u8f7d\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6e05\u7a7a\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4ea4\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\uff08\u5728printf\u4e2d\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6d41\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u4e5f\u66f4\u52a0\u81ea\u7136\u548c\u7b80\u6d01\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n
                                  \n\n\n
                                  \u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488<\/span><\/h1>\n
                                  \u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/span><\/h2>\n
                                  C++\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u7533\u8bf7\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u90fd\u7531\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u81ea\u5df1\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u81ea\u5df1\u7ba1\u7406\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6574\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u662f\u9ebb\u70e6\u7684\uff0cC++11\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u7ba1\u7406\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u666e\u901a\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u9020\u6210\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\uff08\u5fd8\u8bb0\u91ca\u653e\uff09\uff0c\u4e8c\u6b21\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53d1\u751f\u5f02\u5e38\u65f6\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
                                  \u7406\u89e3\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u4e0b\u9762\u4e09\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n
                                    \n
                                  • \u4ece\u8f83\u6d45\u7684\u5c42\u9762\u770b\uff0c\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u662f\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u53eb\u505aRAII\uff08\u8d44\u6e90\u83b7\u53d6\u5373\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff09\u7684\u6280\u672f\u5bf9\u666e\u901a\u7684\u6307\u9488\u8fdb\u884c\u5c01\u88c5\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u5b9e\u8d28\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u884c\u4e3a\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u5374\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
                                  • \u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u9632\u6b62\u5fd8\u8bb0\u8c03\u7528delete\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\u548c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f02\u5e38\u5730\u8fdb\u5165catch\u5757\u5fd8\u8bb0\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u6307\u9488\u7684\u91ca\u653e\u65f6\u673a\u4e5f\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u8003\u7a76\u7684\uff0c\u591a\u6b21\u91ca\u653e\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n
                                  • \u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u628a\u503c\u8bed\u4e49\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u5f15\u7528\u8bed\u4e49\u3002C++\u548cJava\u6709\u4e00\u5904\u6700\u5927\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\u8bed\u4e49\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5728Java\u91cc\u9762\u4e0b\u5217\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/span>
                                    Animal a=new Animal();<\/span>
                                    Animal b=a;
                                    \u8fd9\u91cc\u5176\u5b9e\u53ea\u751f\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0ca\u548cb\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u628a\u6301\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u4f46\u5728C++\u4e2d\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c
                                    Animal a;
                                    Animal b=a;
                                    \u8fd9\u91cc\u5374\u662f\u751f\u6210\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                    \u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<\/span><\/h2>\n
                                    \u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u5728C++11\u7248\u672c\u4e4b\u540e\u63d0\u4f9b\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u5728\u5934\u6587\u4ef6<memory>\u4e2d\uff0cshared_ptr\uff0cunique_ptr\uff0cwear_ptr\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
                                    shared_ptr\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
                                    shared_ptr\u591a\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002shared_ptr\u4f7f\u7528\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2ashared_ptr\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u6bcf\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u52a01\uff0c\u6bcf\u6790\u6784\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u51cf1\uff0c\u51cf\u4e3a0\u65f6\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u3002shared_ptr\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u662f\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u8bfb\u53d6\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u9501\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
                                      \n
                                    • \u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff1a\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u677f\u7c7b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u4f20\u5165\u6307\u9488\u901a\u8fc7\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528make_shared\u51fd\u6570\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3002\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c06\u6307\u9488\u76f4\u63a5\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u7c7b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u6307\u9488\u3002\u4f8b\u5982std::shared_ptr<int> p=new int(1)\uff1b\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n
                                    • \u62f7\u8d1d\u548c\u8d4b\u503c\uff1a\u62f7\u8d1d\u4f7f\u5f97\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u589e\u52a01\uff0c\u8d4b\u503c\u4f7f\u5f97\u539f\u5bf9\u8c61\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u51cf1\uff0c\u5f53\u8ba1\u6570\u4e3a0\u65f6\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u540e\u6765\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u52a01\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u540e\u6765\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n
                                    • get\u51fd\u6570\u83b7\u53d6\u539f\u59cb\u6307\u9488\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n
                                    • \u6ce8\u610f\u4e0d\u8981\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u59cb\u6307\u9488\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u591a\u4e2ashared_ptr\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u4e8c\u6b21\u91ca\u653e\u540c\u4e00\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n
                                    • \u6ce8\u610f\u907f\u514d\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\uff0cshared_ptr\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u5927\u7684\u9677\u9631\u662f\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u786e\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n
                                      #include<memory>\n#include<iostream>\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main()\n{\n    int a = 10;\n    shared_ptr<int> ptra = make_shared<int>(a);\n    shared_ptr<int> ptra2(ptra);  \/\/copy\n    cout << ptra.use_count() << endl;\n\n    int b = 20;\n    int* pb = &a;\n    \/\/shared_ptr<int> ptrb=pb;  \/\/error\n    shared_ptr<int> ptrb = make_shared<int>(b);\n    ptra2 = ptrb;  \/\/assign\n    pb = ptrb.get();  \/\/\u83b7\u53d6\u539f\u59cb\u6307\u9488\n\n    cout << ptra.use_count() << endl;\n    cout << ptrb.use_count() << endl;\n}<\/pre>\n\n\n
                                      unique_ptr\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
                                      unique_ptr\u201c\u552f\u4e00\u201c\u62e5\u6709\u5176\u6240\u6307\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u53ea\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2aunique_ptr\u6307\u5411\u7ed9\u5b9a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08\u901a\u8fc7\u7981\u6b62\u62f7\u8d1d\u8bed\u4e49\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u79fb\u52a8\u8bed\u4e49\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u539f\u59cb\u6307\u9488\uff0cunique_ptr\u7528\u4e8e\u5176RAII\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5728\u51fa\u73b0\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u8d44\u6e90\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u91ca\u653e\u3002unique_ptr\u6307\u9488\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\uff1a\u4eceunique_ptr\u6307\u9488\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u79bb\u5f00\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u3002\u79bb\u5f00\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u65f6\uff0c\u82e5\u5176\u6307\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5176\u6240\u6307\u5bf9\u8c61\u9500\u6bc1\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528delete\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u6307\u5b9a\u5176\u5b83\u64cd\u4f5c\uff09\u3002unique_ptr\u6307\u9488\u4e0e\u5176\u6240\u6307\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\u5728\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u5185\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u6240\u6307\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5982\u521b\u5efa\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u65f6\u901a\u8fc7\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7reset\u65b9\u6cd5\u91cd\u65b0\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7release\u65b9\u6cd5\u91ca\u653e\u6240\u6709\u6743\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u79fb\u52a8\u8bed\u4e49\u8f6c\u79fb\u6240\u6709\u6743\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n
                                      int main()\n{\n    {\n        unique_ptr<int> uptr(new int(10)); \/\/\u7ed1\u5b9a\u52a8\u6001\u5bf9\u8c61\n        \/\/unique_ptr<int> uptr2 = uptr; \/\/\u4e0d\u80fd\u8d4b\u503c\n        \/\/unique_ptr<int> uptr2(uptr);  \/\/\u4e0d\u80fd\u62f7\u8d1d\n        unique_ptr<int> uptr2 = move(uptr);  \/\/\u8f6c\u6362\u6240\u6709\u6743\n        uptr2.release();  \/\/\u91ca\u653e\u6240\u6709\u6743\n    }\n    \/\/\u8d85\u8fc7uptr\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u91ca\u653e\n}<\/pre>\n\n\n
                                      weak_ptr\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
                                      weak_ptr\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u914d\u5408shared_ptr\u800c\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u666e\u901a\u6307\u9488\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u91cd\u8f7doperator*\u548c->\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4f5c\u7528\u5728\u4e8e\u534f\u52a9shared_ptr\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u50cf\u65c1\u89c2\u8005\u90a3\u6837\u89c2\u6d4b\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3002weak_ptr\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2ashared_ptr\u6216\u8005\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u6784\u9020\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u89c2\u6d4b\u6743\u3002\u4f46weak_ptr\u6ca1\u6709\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u6784\u9020\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u6307\u9488\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u4f7f\u7528weak_ptr\u7684\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570use_count()\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c2\u6d4b\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570expired()\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8euse_count()==0\uff0c\u4f46\u66f4\u5feb\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u88ab\u89c2\u6d4b\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662fshared_ptr\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff09\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u590d\u5b58\u5728\u3002weak_ptr\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570lock()\u4ece\u88ab\u89c2\u6d4b\u7684shared_ptr\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u7528shared_ptr\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u64cd\u4f5c\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u4f46\u5f53expired()==true\uff0clock()\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u6307\u9488\u7684shared_ptr\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n
                                      int main()\n{\n    {\n        shared_ptr<int> sh_ptr = make_shared<int>(10);\n        cout << sh_ptr.use_count << endl;\n\n        weak_ptr<int> wp(sh_ptr);\n        cout << wp.use_count() << endl;\n\n        if (!wp.expired())\n        {\n            shared_ptr<int> sh_ptr2 = wp.lock();  \/\/get another shared_ptr\n            *sh_ptr = 100;\n            cout << wp.use_count() << endl;\n        }\n    }\n    \/\/delete memory\n}<\/pre>\n\n\n
                                      \u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0<\/span><\/h2>\n
                                      \u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684demo\u3002\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7c7b\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u4e0e\u7c7b\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u76f8\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u8ddf\u8e2a\u8be5\u7c7b\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5171\u4eab\u540c\u4e00\u6307\u9488\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u521b\u5efa\u7c7b\u7684\u65b0\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\uff0c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6307\u9488\u5e76\u5c06\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u7f6e\u4e3a1\uff1b\u5f53\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f5c\u7528\u4e3a\u53e6\u4e00\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u526f\u672c\u800c\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\uff0c\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u62f7\u8d1d\u6307\u9488\u5e76\u589e\u52a0\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u8fdb\u884c\u8d4b\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u8d4b\u503c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u51cf\u5c11\u5de6\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u6240\u6307\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\uff08\u5982\u679c\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u51cf\u81f30\uff0c\u5219\u5220\u9664\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u589e\u52a0\u53f3\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u6240\u6307\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\uff1b\u8c03\u7528\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u51cf\u5c11\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\uff08\u5982\u679c\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u51cf\u81f30\uff0c\u5219\u5220\u9664\u57fa\u7840\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\u3002\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u5c31\u662f\u6a21\u62df\u6307\u9488\u52a8\u4f5c\u7684\u7c7b\u3002\u6240\u6709\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u90fd\u4f1a\u91cd\u8f7d->\u548c*\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u3002\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u8fd8\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u6709\u7528\u7684\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u9500\u6bc1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5229\u7528\u6808\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6709\u9650\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e34\u65f6\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08\u6709\u9650\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n
                                      #include<memory>\n#include<iostream>\nusing namespace std;\n\ntemplate<typename T>\nclass SmartPointer\n{\nprivate:\n    T* _ptr;\n    size_t* _count;\npublic:\n    SmartPointer(T* ptr = nullptr) :_ptr(ptr)\n    {\n        if (_ptr)\n        {\n            _count = new size_t(1);\n        }\n        else\n        {\n            _count = new size_t(0);\n        }\n    }\n\n    SmartPointer(const SmartPointer &ptr)\n    {\n        if (this != &ptr)\n        {\n            this->_ptr = ptr._ptr;\n            this->_count = ptr._count;\n            (*this->_count)++;\n        }\n    }\n\n    SmartPointer& operator=(const SmartPointer& ptr)\n    {\n        if (this->_ptr == ptr._ptr)\n        {\n            return *this;\n        }\n        if (this->_ptr)\n        {\n            (*this->_count)--;\n            if (this->_count == 0)\n            {\n                delete this->_ptr;\n                delete this->_count;\n            }\n        }\n\n        this->_ptr = ptr._ptr;\n        this->_count = ptr._count;\n        (*this->_count)++;\n        return *this;\n    }\n\n    T& operator*()\n    {\n        assert(this->_ptr == nullptr);\n        return *(this->_ptr);\n    }\n\n    T* operator->()\n    {\n        assert(this->_ptr == nullptr);\n        return this->_ptr;\n    }\n\n    ~SmartPointer()\n    {\n        (*this->_count)--;\n        if (*this->_count == 0)\n        {\n            delete this->_ptr;\n            delete this->_count;\n        }\n    }\n\n    size_t use_count()\n    {\n        return *this->_count;\n    }\n};\n\nint main()\n{\n    {\n        SmartPointer<int> sp(new int(10));\n        SmartPointer<int> sp2(sp);\n        SmartPointer<int> sp3(new int(20));\n        sp2 = sp3;\n        cout << sp.use_count() << endl;\n        cout << sp3.use_count() << endl;\n    }\n    \/\/delete operator\n}\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                                      \n\n\n
                                      struct\u548cclass\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/span><\/h1>\n
                                      \u5728C++\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230struct\u548cclass\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fd8\u8981\u4fdd\u7559struct\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u56e0\u4e3aC++\u662f\u5411\u4e0b\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64C++\u4e2d\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u5f88\u591aC\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
                                      \u9996\u5148\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e0bC\u4e2d\u7684struct<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n
                                      struct A\n{\n    int a;\n    int b;\n    \/\/\u6210\u5458\u5217\u8868\n};<\/pre>\n\n\n
                                      \u56e0\u4e3astruct\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u80af\u5b9a\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u9762\u5411C\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0cstruct\u4e0d\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u4efb\u4f55\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5426\u5219\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002<\/span>
                                      \u9762\u5411\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u548c\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u5206\u5f00\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5f53struct\u8fdb\u5165\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684C++\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u7279\u6027\u4e5f\u6709\u4e86\u65b0\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5c31\u62ff\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728C++\u4e2d\u5c31\u80fd\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aC++\u4e2d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u5206\u5f00\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662fstruct\u5728C\u548cC++\u4e24\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n
                                      \u5728C++\u4e2dstruct\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u6269\u5145\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n
                                        \n
                                      • struct\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u62ec\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570<\/span><\/li>\n
                                      • struct\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ee7\u627f<\/span><\/li>\n
                                      • struct\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u6001<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                        \u533a\u522b<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
                                          \n
                                        • \u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u3002class\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u662fprivate\uff0cstruct\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u662fpublic\u3002\uff08\u5f53class\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7ee7\u627fstruct\u65f6\uff0c\u662f\u79c1\u6709\u7ee7\u627f\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u662f\u516c\u6709\u7ee7\u627f\uff09<\/span><\/li>\n
                                        • \u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002struct\u662fpublic\uff0c\u800cclass\u662fprivate\u3002<\/span>
                                          \u4ece\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0cstruct\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u770b\u6210\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4f53\uff0cclass\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u770b\u6210\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4f53\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n
                                        • class\u548cstruct\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u5927\u62ec\u53f7{}\u4e0a\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                          \u5173\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u5927\u62ec\u53f7\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n
                                            \n
                                          • class\u548cstruct\u5982\u679c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u5927\u62ec\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n
                                          • \u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0cstruct\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5927\u62ec\u53f7\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/span><\/li>\n
                                          • \u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4e14\u6240\u6709\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\u5168\u662fpublic\u7684\u8bdd\uff0cclass\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5927\u62ec\u53f7\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-88","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cpp"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/summid.icu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/88","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/summid.icu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/summid.icu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/summid.icu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/summid.icu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=88"}],"version-history":[{"count":140,"href":"https:\/\/summid.icu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/88\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":957,"href":"https:\/\/summid.icu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/88\/revisions\/957"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/summid.icu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=88"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/summid.icu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=88"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/summid.icu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=88"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}